Diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of illness and death in children under five years old,
especially in low-income regions like Nigeria. While it is often preventable and treatable, diarrhea
continues to pose a significant health threat due to its association with malnutrition and dehydration.
In this blog, we explore the causes, symptoms, and management of diarrheal disease in childhood, along
with actionable steps to protect your child’s health.
What Is Diarrheal Disease?
Diarrheal disease refers to the passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day. It disrupts the
body’s ability to absorb nutrients and fluids, leading to dehydration and malnutrition, which can be life-
threatening if untreated.
Types of Diarrhea:
1. Acute Watery Diarrhea: Lasts several hours or days and often caused by infections like cholera
or rotavirus.
2. Persistent Diarrhea: Lasts 14 days or longer, often leading to severe malnutrition.
3. Dysentery: Diarrhea with blood, typically caused by bacterial infections like Shigella.
Causes of Diarrheal Disease in Childhood
The primary causes of diarrhea include:
1. Infectious Agents:
Viruses: Rotavirus and norovirus are the most common culprits.
Bacteria: E. coli, Salmonella, and Shigella.
Parasites: Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium.
2. Contaminated Water and Food:
Poor sanitation and hygiene lead to the consumption of contaminated water and improperly
cooked food.
3. Malnutrition:
Malnourished children have weakened immune systems, making them more susceptible to
infections.
4. Antibiotic Use:
Prolonged or improper use of antibiotics can disrupt gut flora, leading to diarrhea.
Symptoms of Diarrheal Disease
Symptoms of diarrhea in children may include:
Frequent loose or watery stools.
Abdominal pain or cramps.
Nausea and vomiting.
Fever.
Dehydration (dry mouth, sunken eyes, lethargy, decreased urination).
Weight loss and malnutrition in prolonged cases.
Complications of Diarrhea in Children
If untreated, diarrhea can lead to severe complications:
Dehydration: Loss of fluids and electrolytes can lead to shock and organ failure.
Malnutrition: Chronic diarrhea reduces nutrient absorption, affecting growth and development.
Electrolyte Imbalance: Can result in seizures and irregular heart rhythms.
Infections: Persistent diarrhea increases the risk of secondary infections.
Preventing Diarrheal Disease
Prevention is key to reducing the burden of diarrhea. Here’s how you can protect your child:
1. Promote Hygiene and Sanitation:
Always wash your hands and those of your baby thoroughly with soap and water before eating
and after using the toilet.
Ensure play area is always clean, and toys are regularly washed
Ensure clean cooking and eating utensils.
2. Ensure Safe Drinking Water:
Boil or filter water to eliminate harmful microorganisms.
Store water in clean, covered containers.
3. Vaccinate Against Rotavirus and Cholera:
Vaccinations significantly reduce the risk of severe diarrhea in young children.
4. Breastfeeding:
Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months strengthens a baby’s immune system.
5. Provide Nutritious Food:
A balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals boosts immunity and prevents malnutrition.
Managing Diarrheal Disease
Timely and appropriate treatment can save lives. Key steps include:
1. Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT):
Use Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) to replace lost fluids and electrolytes immediately you
notice symptoms.
2. Zinc Supplements:
Zinc reduces the severity and duration of diarrhea; some ORS solutions contain Zinc hence no
need of this addition if they do.
3. Continue Feeding:
Offer small, frequent meals of easily digestible foods like rice, bananas, and yogurt, this keeps
the child from not becoming malnourished and further dehydrated.
4. Seek Medical Help early:
Consult a healthcare provider if your child shows signs of severe dehydration, persistent
diarrhea, or bloody stools.
5. Antibiotics:
Only use antibiotics if prescribed by a healthcare professional, as they are only effective for
bacterial infections.
How MedicGoGo Healthcare Supports Your Child’s Health
MedicGoGo Healthcare is here to help you manage and prevent childhood illnesses like diarrheal
disease:
Doctor Housecall Services: Our pediatric specialists can assess and treat your child at home,
ensuring comfort and convenience.
Health Monitoring Plans: Regular check-ups to track your child’s growth and nutritional status.
Vaccination Services: Access life-saving vaccines like rotavirus and cholera directly at your
doorstep.
Telemedicine Support: Speak with a pediatrician online for immediate advice and care.
Protect your child from diarrheal disease today!
Book a Pediatric Consultation at Home | Explore Our Child Health Plans
References
1. World Health Organization. "Diarrheal Disease." https://www.who.int
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "Global Diarrhea Burden."
https://www.cdc.gov
3. UNICEF. "Combatting Childhood Diarrhea." https://www.unicef.org
MedicGoGo Healthcare: Your partner in safeguarding your child’s health and happiness.
